Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, which is a group of symptoms associated with a decline in mental abilities, such as memory and reasoning.

Alzheimer's disease attacks nerves, brain cells and neurotransmitters (chemicals that carry messages to and from the brain). Although Alzheimer’s disease is often associated with increasing age, the exact cause is unknown (see Alzheimer’s disease - causes).

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive condition, which means that it will continue to get worse as it develops. Early symptoms include:

• minor memory problems
• difficulty saying the right words

These symptoms change as Alzheimer’s disease develops, and it may lead to:

• confusion
• personality changes
• a total change in behaviour

See Alzheimer’s disease - symptoms for more information.

How common is Alzheimer's disease?

Alzheimer's disease is most common in people over 65 years of age, and affects slightly more women than men.

The Alzheimer’s Society estimates that, in people over 65 years of age, 1 in 14 is affected by Alzheimer’s disease. The risk increases with age, and people who are over 80 years of age are thought to have a one in six chance of developing the condition.

Dementia in people under 65 years of age, known as early-onset dementia, is less common. In the UK, around 2% of all dementia cases are early-onset dementia. 

Outlook

Although there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, medication is available that can slow down the development of the condition.

As with the treatment of any type of dementia, a care plan can be arranged to provide any necessary care and support for someone who is diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease.

Glossary

Brain

The brain controls thought, memory and emotion. It sends messages to the body controlling movement, speech and senses.

Neurotransmitters

These are the chemicals that carry messages between brain cells.