Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), also known as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, is a group of inherited conditions that cause damage to the peripheral nerves (neuropathy).
The peripheral nerves are located outside the main central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). They control the muscles and relay sensory information, such as the sense of touch, from the limbs to the brain.
People with CMT experience:
-
motor symptoms - such as muscle weakness, an awkward gait (the way that a person walks), and curled toes
-
sensory symptoms - such as numbness or pain
Symptoms of CMT usually begin during the teenage years, or in early adulthood, although they can start at any time. CMT is a progressive condition, which means that the symptoms slowly get worse as the sensory and motor nerves deteriorate.
How common is CMT?
CMT is one of the most common inherited conditions that affect the peripheral nerves. It is estimated that in Europe, CMT affects up to one person in every 2,500. In the UK, around 23,000 people may have the condition.
Women and men are equally affected by CMT. The condition also affects people of all ethnic groups.
Outlook
CMT causes nerve damage that can lead to deformities in the limbs such as:
- flat feet
- high foot arches
- curvature of the spine (scoliosis)
CMT can also cause problems with manual dexterity, and people living with the condition may have problems performing everyday tasks, such as opening cans, typing, or picking up objects.
There is currently no cure for CMT. However, there are a range of treatments that can help to relieve the symptoms, aid mobility, and increase the independence and quality of life for people with the condition.
CMT is not life-threatening and most people with the condition have the same life expectancy as a person who does not have CMT.