Genetics is a branch of science that researches how we inherit our physical and behavioural characteristics. The genetic material that determines these characteristics is located in our genes.
What are genes?
Genes are units of 'genetic material' that determine many of your body's characteristics, including the colour of your hair and eyes.
Each cell in the body contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. These carry the genes that we inherit from your parents. We can also inherit conditions and diseases, or a pre-disposition (an increased likelihood) of developing these conditions.
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains molecules that store genetic information. Genes consist of coiled strands of DNA, with each cell containing the same genetic material.
The Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project is an international scientific project involving thousands of scientists around the world.
The initial project ran from 1990 to 2003, and its objective was to map the immense amount of genetic information that is found in every human cell.
As well as identifying specific human genes, the Human Genome Project has enabled scientists to gain a better understanding of how certain traits and characteristics are passed on from parents to children.
It has also resulted in a better understanding of the role of genetics in inherited conditions, such as muscular dystrophy, Down's syndrome and cystic fibrosis.
Chromosomes
Chromosomes are the parts of a body cell that carry genes. A human cell usually has 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Genes
Genes contain information that you inherit from your parents, such as eye or hair colour. They are carried by chromosomes.
Genetic
Genetic is a term that refers to genes- the characteristics inherited from a family member.
Last updated: 28 July 2010
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