Leptospirosis is an infectious condition that can cause a range of different symptoms such as mild flu-like symptoms or, in severe cases, result in multiple organ failure and internal bleeding. Following these serious symptoms, leptospirosis can sometimes result in death.
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic condition, which means that it can be spread from animals to humans. Animals such as rats, pigs and dogs can become infected by bacteria called leptospires. They can then contaminate a water source by urinating into it.
If a human then comes into close contact with the infected water, such as through the eyes mouth, nose or any cuts in their skin, they can become infected with leptospirosis.
How common is leptospirosis?
Leptospirosis is a global condition that is found across the world. Rates of leptospirosis are highest in tropical and sub-tropical locations, particularly in rural areas. However, the condition is becoming increasingly widespread in urban areas that have poor sanitation.
It is estimated that globally 10 million people will catch leptospirosis every year. It is hard to estimate how many people die from leptospirosis because many cases occur in parts of the developing world where causes of death are not routinely reported.
However, some experts have estimated that the fatality rate from leptospirosis could range from five to 25%. Deaths from leptospirosis are higher in countries where access to good quality healthcare is limited.
Prognosis
The symptoms of leptospirosis can vary widely from person to person. Some people with the condition can have no symptoms at all, although most will experience symptoms that are similar to influenza (flu).
An estimated five to 10% of people will experience the most serious form of leptospirosis, which is also known as Weil’s disease. Weil’s disease can cause:
- kidney failure,
- jaundice,
- shock,
- internal bleeding, and
- inflammation of the heart.
Leptospirosis can be treated using antibiotics. Hospital admission is usually required for the most serious form of leptospirosis because the body’s functions will need to be supported until the infection has passed.
Bacteria
Bacteria are tiny, single-celled organisms that live in the body. Some can cause illness and disease and some others are good for you.
Jaundice
Jaundice is a condition that causes yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes, brought on by liver problems.
Liver
The liver is the largest organ in the body. Its main jobs are to secrete bile (to help digestion), detoxify the blood and change food into energy.
Last updated: 04 October 2011
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