Nosebleed

Nosebleeds are fairly common, particularly in children, and can usually be easily treated at home. The medical name for a nosebleed is epistaxis.

How do nosebleeds occur?

The inside of the nose is full of tiny blood vessels which can start bleeding if they are disturbed. This usually happens as the result of a minor injury that is caused by picking, or blowing, your nose.

Nosebleeds can also occur if the mucous membrane (the moist lining) inside the nose dries out and becomes crusty. This can be the result of an infection, cold weather, or the drying effect of central heating. The mucous membrane becomes inflamed (red and swollen) or cracked (the skin splits open) making it more likely to bleed, particularly if picked, or disturbed by a minor bump.

Nosebleeds are not usually serious

Nosebleeds are not usually serious. However, in very rare cases, nosebleeds can be life threatening, particularly in older people whose blood may take longer to clot, resulting in high blood loss. Nosebleeds are more common in people taking aspirin, anticoagulants (blood-thinning medicines), or for those with blood disorders.

If nosebleeds become frequent (more than once a week), it could be an indication of an underlying problem, such as high blood pressure (hypertension). Your GP will be able to take a blood pressure reading and give you advice about suitable treatment. They can also check any medicines that you are currently taking to see whether they are causing your nosebleeds.

If a more serious problem is suspected, your GP may refer you to an ENT (ear, nose, and throat) specialist for further tests.

Glossary

Anticoagulants

Anticoagulant is a substance that stops blood from clotting (prevents coagulation), for example warfarin.

Blood

Blood supplies oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide. It is pumped around the body by the heart.

High blood pressure

High blood pressure, known as hypertension, is when the pressure of the blood in your bloodstream is regularly above 140/90 mmHG.